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Identification and characterization of trajectories of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation

5/4/2020

 
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Every year, tens of thousands of deaths are due to end-stage heart failure in Europe and in the US combined. Heart transplantation is the ultimate treatment, but its number is dramatically limited due to the shortage of organs in those countries. 
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​In the same time, the chances of survival beyond one year after transplantation have remained unchanged in recent years, despite significant progress in immunosuppressive therapy and patient care.
One of the most common reasons for long-term graft failure and patient death is an accelerated form of coronary artery disease called cardiac allograft vasculopathy. It is a frequent complication that affects up to half of patients within 10 years following heart transplantation. Yet, until now, little has been known about the different evolutive profiles of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and their risk factors.

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PTG at the annual congress of SFT

12/3/2018

 
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The Société Francophone de Transplantation (SFT) will host solid organ transplant specialists in Toulouse, France from December 4 to 7, 2018. Several members of the Paris Transplant Group are present at the event.

The SFT Annual Congress, which is meeting this year for the 18th time, is the must-attend event for transplant professionals in France.  Intended for all medical and paramedical people involved in transplantation, the Congress allows internationally renowned speakers to share the latest medical advances in the field.

The event is organized by Toulouse University Hospital, which is a partner of the KTD-innov project. 

European Society of Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Congress 2017 - Our abstracts

9/24/2017

 
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​Sunday September 24, 2017

1/ MOLECULAR CORRELATES OF ENDOTHELIAL MTOR ACTIVATION IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Session: “ Basic and translational immunology” (17:45 to 18:45)
Location: Room 118 + 119 – 18:29 

M Racapé, A Loupy, J Reeve, J Venner , R Guillemain, L Hidalgo, C Lefaucher, X Jouven, P Bruneval, J Duaong Van Huyen, P Halloran 
Background
The detection of phosphorylated effectors of the mTOR pathway such as phosphorylated-S6RP in endothelial cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been associated with Antibody-Mediated allograft Rejection (AMR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular phenotype related to the endothelial detection of pS6RP in heart transplant recipients.
Methods
This case-control study included 41 heart transplant patients from four French referral centers with biopsy proven antibody-mediated rejection (pAMR+) and a matched control group of 30 patients without rejection (pAMR0) based on the updated ISHLT classification. From these patients, 94 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) had adequate material for microarray analysis and endothelial expression analysis of pS6RP by IHC. We also determined the allograft gene expression profile using the ABMR molecular score in addition to pathogenesis-based transcripts reflecting endothelial activation (DSAST and ENDAT), macrophage burden (QCMAT), gamma-interferon response (GRIT) and NK-cell burden (NKB) (http://atagc.med.ualberta.ca).
Results
Among the 94 EMBs included in the main analyses, 50 were pAMR+ (53.2%) and 44 (46.8%) were pAMR0 normal EMBs. Endothelial expression of pS6RP was observed in 27/50 (54%) of pAMR+ biopsies and 12 out of 44 normal biopsies (27.3%, Fischer's exact: p=0.012). As compared with biopsies without pS6RP labeling, biopsies with pS6RP staining showed increased expression of DSAST (Mann-Whitney: p<0.0001), ENDAT (p=0.0009), QCMAT (p=0.0046), NKB (p=0.0001), GRIT (p=0.0008) and increased ABMR molecular score reflecting AMR injury (p=0.0001).
Conclusion
Endothelial activation of mTOR pathway is associated with AMR and increased expression in transcripts reflecting endothelial activation, macrophage burden, microcirculation and NK burden. Our results suggest the importance of the mTOR pathway activation in AMR injury and the potential interest of using mTOR inhibitors in this setting.

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Molecular Assessment of Microcirculation Injury in Formalin-Fixed Human Cardiac Allograft Biopsies With Antibody-Mediated Rejection.

2/17/2017

 
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Am J Transplant. 2017 Feb;17(2):496-505.
PMID: 27401781

Abstract
B. Afzali, E. Chapman,  M. Racapé, B. Adam,  P. Bruneval, F. Gil, D. Kim, L. Hidalgo, P. Campbell, B. Sis, J. P. Duong Van Huyen, M. Mengel.
​
Precise diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in cardiac allograft endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) remains challenging. This study assessed molecular diagnostics in human EMBs with AMR. A set of 34 endothelial, natural killer cell and inflammatory genes was quantified in 106 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded EMBs classified according to 2013 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) criteria. The gene set expression was compared between ISHLT diagnoses and correlated with donor-specific antibody (DSA), endothelial injury by electron microscopy (EM) and prognosis. Findings were validated in an independent set of 57 EMBs. In the training set (n = 106), AMR cases (n = 70) showed higher gene set expression than acute cellular rejection (ACR; n = 21, p < 0.001) and controls (n = 15, p < 0.0001). Anti-HLA DSA positivity was associated with higher gene set expression (p = 0.01). Endothelial injury by electron microscopy strongly correlated with gene set expression, specifically in AMR cases (r = 0.62, p = 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for diagnosing AMR showed greater accuracy with gene set expression (area under the curve [AUC] = 79.88) than with DSA (AUC = 70.47) and C4d (AUC = 70.71). In AMR patients (n = 17) with sequential biopsies, increasing gene set expression was associated with inferior prognosis (p = 0.034). These findings were confirmed in the validation set. In conclusion, biopsy-based molecular assessment of antibody-mediated microcirculation injury has the potential to improve diagnosis of AMR in human cardiac transplants.

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Our abstracts at the American Transplant Congress (ATC) 2016

6/11/2016

 
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2016 American Transplant Congress (ATC)
June 11-15, 2016 in Boston, MA
Sunday June 12, 2016


1/ Complement-Binding Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies Are Associated with Severe Kidney Allograft Arteriosclerosis


Concurrent Session: Novel Markers of Long Term Kidney Transplant Outcomes (2:30 PM-4:00 PM)
Ballroom A - 2:30 pm
A. Loupy, D. Viglietti, J. Duong Van Huyen, D. Glotz, C. Legendre, A. Zeevi, C. Lefaucheur. Necker Hospital, Paris, France; Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
The role of circulating donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) in the development of accelerated arteriosclerosis have been recently reported in kidney transplant recipients. This study investigated the characteristics of DSA that are associated with the severity of allograft arteriosclerosis.
We enrolled 744 consecutive kidney transplantation performed between January 1, 2004 and January 1, 2010 at Necker Hospital (Paris, France), with systematic assessment of injury phenotype and arteriosclerotic lesions using the vascular fibrous intimal thickening (cv) Banff score on allograft biopsies performed at one year after transplantation. We assessed circulating DSA and their characteristics (specificity, HLA class, mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] and C1q-binding) at six months after transplantation.
We identified 281 patients with cv0 score, 213 patients with cv1 score, 189 patients with cv2 score and 61 patients with cv3 score. The distribution of DSA according to cv score was the following: 47/281 (17%) in cv0 patients, 39/213 (18%) in cv1 patients, 63/189 (33%) in cv2 patients and 28/61 (46%) in cv3 patients. Immunodominant DSA (iDSA) MFI level was positively correlated with the severity of arteriosclerosis (Spearman's rho=0.23, p=0.002), with a mean MFI of 3204.0±3725.2 in cv0 patients, 3760±3598 in cv1 patients, 4892±4676 in cv2 patients and 5541±3892 in cv3 patients. C1q-binding DSA prevalence increased with the severity of allograft arteriosclerosis: 8/281 (3%) in cv0 patients, 6/213 (3%) in cv1 patients, 25/189 (13%) in cv2 patients and 9/61 (15%) in cv3 patients (p<0.001). Patients with C1q-binding iDSA had a higher cv score compared with patients with non-C1q-binding DSA (1.7±1.0 versus 1.3±1.1, respectively, p=0.01). The C1q-binding capacity of DSA was associated with increased microvascular inflammation (p<0.001) and C4d deposition in peritubular capillaries or arteries (p<0.001).
This study shows a biological gradient between DSA MFI level and the severity of allograft arteriosclerosis. The complement-binding capacity of DSA is associated with an increased severity of arteriosclerosis and complement deposition in allograft.

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ISHLT 2016 Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions

4/30/2016

 
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Plenary session - Saturday April 30, 2016 - 10:55
Pushing New Scientific Frontiers: It’s In Our Heritage

Precision Medicine in Organ Transplantation: Moving from Off the Rack to Bespoke, Alexandre Loupy, MD, PhD, Necker Hospital, Paris, France

Abstracts -Thursday April 28, 2016 - 11:45
Molecular Correlates of Endothelial mTOR Activation in Heart Transplant Recipients

Authors
M. Racapé, A. Loupy, J. Reeve, J. Venner, R. Guillemain, L. Hidalgo, C. Lefaucheur, X. Jouven, P. Bruneval, J. Duong Van Huyen, P. Halloran. 

Abstract
  • Purpose: The detection of phosphorylated effectors of the mTOR pathway in endothelial cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been associated with allograft rejection. The aim of this study was to evaluate in heart transplant recipients the molecular phenotype related to the endothelial detection of the phosphorylated effectors of the mTOR pathway, pS6RP.
  • Methods: This case-control study included 41 heart transplant patients from four French referral centers with biopsy proven antibody-mediated rejection (pAMR+) and a matched control group of 32 patients without rejection (pAMR0) based on the updated ISHLT classification. From these patients, 93 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) had adequate material for microarray analysis and IHC. We studied in all EMB the endothelial expression of pS6RP by IHC. We also determined the allograft gene expression profile using the ABMR molecular score in addition to pathogenesis-based transcripts reflecting endothelial activation (DSAST and ENDAT), macrophage burden (QCMAT), gamma-interferon response (GRIT) and NK-cell burden (NKB) (http://atagc.med.ualberta.ca).
  • Results: Among the 93 EMBs included in main analyses, 49 were pAMR+ (52.7%) and 44 (47.3%) were pAMR0 normal EMBs. Endothelial expression of pS6RP was observed in 27/49 (55.1%) of pAMR+ biopsies and 12 out of 44 normal biopsies (27.3%, Fischer's exact: p=0.011). As compared with biopsies without endothelial pS6RP labeling, biopsies with positive endothelial pS6RP staining showed increased expression in DSAST (Mann-Whitney: p<0.0001), ENDAT (p=0.0008), QCMAT (p=0.0052), NKB (p=0.0001) and increased ABMR molecular score reflecting interferon-effects, microcirculation stress and NK burden (p=0.0001).
  • Conclusion: Endothelial activation of mTOR pathway is associated with antibody-mediated allograft rejection and increased expression in transcripts reflecting endothelial activation, macrophage burden, microcirculation and NK burden. Our results suggest the importance of the mTOR pathway activation in antibody-mediated heart allograft injury and the potential interest of using mTOR inhibitors in this setting.

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    Our global aim is to accelerate the translation of immunological and gene expression discoveries into the clinical field by filling the gap between basic science and applied biomedical researches.

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